New York is one of the best places in the country to fish for salmon, thanks to Lake Ontario and its tributaries. Each year, about 1.7 million Chinook salmon and 250,000 coho salmon are stocked, creating strong runs every fall. These powerful fish return to the rivers weighing anywhere from 8 to 30 pounds, giving anglers an exciting challenge. The salmon season runs from early September through early November, peaking in mid-October. Below are the best rivers to target salmon in New York, followed by a full breakdown of gear, tactics, and tips to make the most of your trip.
1. Salmon River
The Salmon River in Oswego County is the most famous salmon stream in New York. It has the heaviest stocking to ensure enough fish reach the hatchery in Altmar, and it also boasts a large number of wild Chinook salmon. Anglers can expect fast action during peak season, but crowds are common, so arrive early for prime spots. The river’s controlled flows from hydropower dams often trigger strong runs, especially in September and October. With fish averaging 15–25 pounds and some topping 30 pounds, this river is a true hotspot for both seasoned anglers and beginners.
2. Oswego River
The Oswego River offers great salmon fishing right in the heart of the city. Its proximity to Lake Ontario means salmon don’t have far to travel, and the runs can be heavy when conditions are right. The river is large and powerful, so wading can be tricky, but shore access is plentiful. Many anglers fish near the dam in downtown Oswego, where salmon often stack up. Because flows are controlled, the timing of the runs is more predictable, usually peaking from mid-September through October. This spot is especially convenient for anglers looking for big fish without leaving town.
3. Black River
Flowing into Lake Ontario at Dexter, the Black River provides a solid salmon run each fall. It’s less crowded than the Salmon or Oswego, making it a good choice for anglers who prefer space and quiet. Salmon stage near the mouth before pushing upstream, and fishing is often best after rainfall raises water levels. The river has stretches with public fishing rights, giving anglers good access without needing a boat. With fish averaging 10–25 pounds and strong currents to contend with, the Black River offers a real challenge while still being more relaxed than the bigger tributaries.
4. South Sandy Creek
South Sandy Creek is a smaller tributary but still sees good runs of Chinook and coho salmon. Because it depends heavily on rainfall, timing is key, with the best fishing often coming in mid- to late October. Anglers can access the stream through public fishing rights sections, though its size makes stealth important. While the fish here may not be as concentrated as in larger rivers, patient anglers can have excellent days. This creek is ideal for those who want a more intimate setting, where precise presentations and lighter gear often lead to success.
5. Sterling Creek
Sterling Creek, near Fair Haven, is another small tributary worth checking during the salmon season. Like South Sandy Creek, it fishes best after rains raise water levels. Runs tend to be shorter and less predictable, but this also means lighter fishing pressure compared to the bigger rivers. Access can be found near the mouth, where salmon stage before pushing upstream. With persistence, anglers can hook into Chinooks averaging 15–20 pounds. The creek’s small size makes it best suited for fly anglers or light spinning tackle, especially for those who enjoy a quieter, more technical salmon fishing experience.
6. Genesee River
The Genesee River, entering Lake Ontario at Rochester, is a productive urban salmon fishery. Access is easy, with popular spots around Turning Point Park and near the lower falls. The river receives solid runs of Chinook and coho each fall, with fish stacking up below barriers. Because it flows through the city, it draws a mix of serious anglers and casual fishermen, making for a lively scene during peak season. The river’s size allows for multiple fishing styles, from drifting eggs to swinging streamers. With fish often in the 20-pound range, the Genesee offers a rewarding city-based salmon adventure.
7. Sandy Creek
Sandy Creek is a mid-sized tributary with multiple branches flowing into Lake Ontario. It benefits from both natural reproduction and stocking, creating consistent salmon runs each fall. Access points are scattered along public fishing rights areas, giving anglers good shoreline opportunities. Like other smaller streams, runs are tied closely to rainfall, with peak action usually in October. Crowds are lighter than on the Salmon River, and the creek’s moderate size makes it good for wading. Anglers who time it right can hook into powerful Chinook salmon without dealing with the heavy pressure found on larger rivers.
8. Oak Orchard Creek
Oak Orchard Creek, located in Orleans County, is well-known among salmon anglers for its strong runs and reliable access. The creek flows through Oak Orchard State Marine Park before reaching Lake Ontario, and salmon stack up heavily near the dam in Medina. The fish here are big, and the runs are fueled by consistent stocking efforts. Anglers can fish both the lower creek near the mouth and further upstream depending on conditions. Oak Orchard has a devoted following, and while it gets busy, the salmon fishing can be excellent from late September through October.
9. Eighteen Mile Creek
Eighteen Mile Creek in Niagara County is a solid salmon tributary with good public access near Burt Dam. Salmon push into the creek each fall, and the dam area often concentrates fish, creating excellent opportunities for anglers. This spot is also popular for steelhead later in the season, making it a versatile fishery. Runs usually peak in October, and Chinook salmon here can reach 20 pounds or more. The creek is easy to reach and offers a mix of small-stream charm and big-fish potential, making it a favorite for many anglers in western New York.
10. Lower Niagara River
The Lower Niagara River is a unique salmon fishery, offering anglers the chance to target Chinook and coho in deep, powerful waters below Niagara Falls. The river is big, and most fishing here is done by boat, though shore anglers can find success at access points like Devil’s Hole State Park. Runs begin in September and often stay strong into November. Because of the river’s size and current, heavy tackle is required. Hooking a 20–30 pound salmon here is an unforgettable fight, and the setting below the Falls makes it one of the most scenic salmon fisheries in the state.
Gear and Techniques
Fly Fishing
Use 9–10 foot rods rated for 7–9 weight lines with large-capacity reels holding at least 150 yards of 20-pound backing. Floating lines and long leaders (8–12 feet) work best. Egg patterns, streamers like Woolly Buggers, and stonefly imitations are top producers.
Spin Fishing
Medium to heavy 8–9 foot rods with reels capable of holding 200 yards of 12–15 pound test are ideal. Use lighter leaders (8–12 pound test) to save tackle. Effective lures include spoons, spinners, and egg sacks.
Flies, Baits, and Presentation
Salmon strike out of aggression, not hunger. Egg imitations, flashy streamers, and skein eggs are most effective. Presentation is key—keep baits drifting naturally 6–18 inches off the bottom. Use split shot to fine-tune depth. Both dead-drift and wet-fly swing techniques work, depending on current speed and fish behavior.
Fighting and Landing Salmon
These fish are strong and will test your gear. Set your drag properly and let the fish run when needed. Landing is best with a partner and a large net, though tailing can work for Chinooks. Always be respectful of nearby anglers when someone hooks up.
Safety Tips
- Wear spiked boots for traction.
- Carry a wading staff in deep or fast water.
- Use polarized sunglasses to spot fish and hazards.
- Always wear a wader belt or flotation vest.
- Never cross if you’re unsure of depth or current speed.
Regulations and Wild Fish
All Great Lakes tributary regulations apply. While most fish are stocked, wild Chinooks make up nearly half of the fishery in Lake Ontario, and the Salmon River alone averages 70% wild returns. Respect spawning redds and practice responsible fishing to ensure strong runs continue.
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